Claire Gallien
Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier, Department of English, Faculty Member
- Orientalism, Postcolonial Theory, Postcolonial Literature, Comparative Literature, World Literature, Decolonial Thought, and 13 moreArab Literature In English, Paskistani English Literature, Indian English Literature, Travel Literature, Islam in English Literature, Early Modern Period, Long eighteenth-century, Persianate Culture in South Asia, British Imperial and Colonial History (1600 - ), British and Comparative Romanticism, World Literatures, Heterolingualism, and History of Orientalismedit
Titre court : De « l’humanisme intégral » à « l’humanisme démocratique » Résumé : Le présent article examine la réception de Schwab dans le domaine anglophone, d’après la préface qu’Edward Said publie pour la traduction anglaise de... more
Titre court : De « l’humanisme intégral » à « l’humanisme démocratique »
Résumé :
Le présent article examine la réception de Schwab dans le domaine anglophone, d’après la préface qu’Edward Said publie pour la traduction anglaise de La Renaissance orientale en 1984. La lecture enthousiaste de Said, auteur d’une critique virulente de l’orientalisme, pour Schwab, apologiste de la renaissance orientaliste, parait paradoxale. Je défends l’hypothèse que le rapprochement entre Said et Schwab se joue moins au niveau de l’orientalisme qu’autour de l’enjeu de l’humanisme, « intégral » chez Schwab et « démocratique » chez Said. Si l’on tient compte du panorama académique qui est celui de Said dans les années 1970-1980, et l’engagement de l’intellectuel pour la critique philologique, la pensée de l’affiliation, et la question de l’humanisme démocratique, le rapprochement paraît beaucoup moins incongru. Mon article propose une étude du lien qui unit Said à Schwab précisément au-delà de l’orientalisme.
English title: Concerning Edward Said’s Preface to The Oriental Renaissance (trans. 1984) by Raymond Schwab : From « Integral Humanism » to « Democratic Humanism »
Short title: From « Integral Humanism » to « Democratic Humanism »
Summary:
This article examines Schwab's reception in the English-speaking world, based on the preface that Edward Said published for the English translation of The Eastern Renaissance in 1984. Said’s, otherwise known as the author of a virulent critique of Orientalism, enthusiastic reading of an unapologetically apolitical and heroic version of the orientalist renaissance seems paradoxical to say the least. I contend that the rapprochement between Said and Schwab occurs less at the level of Orientalism than around the issue of humanism, whether one calls it “integral” with Schwab or “democratic” with Said. I argue that if we take into account Said’s academic background in the 1970s and 1980s, his intellectual commitment to philological criticism, the concept of affiliation, and the question of democratic humanism, the connection seems much less incongruous. This article delves into the Said-Schwab connection beyond orientalism.
Résumé :
Le présent article examine la réception de Schwab dans le domaine anglophone, d’après la préface qu’Edward Said publie pour la traduction anglaise de La Renaissance orientale en 1984. La lecture enthousiaste de Said, auteur d’une critique virulente de l’orientalisme, pour Schwab, apologiste de la renaissance orientaliste, parait paradoxale. Je défends l’hypothèse que le rapprochement entre Said et Schwab se joue moins au niveau de l’orientalisme qu’autour de l’enjeu de l’humanisme, « intégral » chez Schwab et « démocratique » chez Said. Si l’on tient compte du panorama académique qui est celui de Said dans les années 1970-1980, et l’engagement de l’intellectuel pour la critique philologique, la pensée de l’affiliation, et la question de l’humanisme démocratique, le rapprochement paraît beaucoup moins incongru. Mon article propose une étude du lien qui unit Said à Schwab précisément au-delà de l’orientalisme.
English title: Concerning Edward Said’s Preface to The Oriental Renaissance (trans. 1984) by Raymond Schwab : From « Integral Humanism » to « Democratic Humanism »
Short title: From « Integral Humanism » to « Democratic Humanism »
Summary:
This article examines Schwab's reception in the English-speaking world, based on the preface that Edward Said published for the English translation of The Eastern Renaissance in 1984. Said’s, otherwise known as the author of a virulent critique of Orientalism, enthusiastic reading of an unapologetically apolitical and heroic version of the orientalist renaissance seems paradoxical to say the least. I contend that the rapprochement between Said and Schwab occurs less at the level of Orientalism than around the issue of humanism, whether one calls it “integral” with Schwab or “democratic” with Said. I argue that if we take into account Said’s academic background in the 1970s and 1980s, his intellectual commitment to philological criticism, the concept of affiliation, and the question of democratic humanism, the connection seems much less incongruous. This article delves into the Said-Schwab connection beyond orientalism.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
In my contribution, I talk a bit more about late developments in the French context, where decolonial thinking, and postcolonial thinking to a certain extent, are regularly disparaged, denigrated, and attacked by the white secularist... more
In my contribution, I talk a bit more about late developments in the French context, where decolonial thinking, and postcolonial thinking to a certain extent, are regularly disparaged, denigrated, and attacked by the white secularist elite for dividing/breaking the Republic, for their “Islamic leftism” and the danger it poses to the French laicité, and now for being mired in neo-liberalism. I argue that far from being soluble in neo-liberal waters, these decentred epistemic proposals are not so much creating the dents in the system – that is arguably more of the role of the postcolonial field – than occupying them. I talk about “joyful militancy” and return to the massive mobilization and strike actions before the COVID lockdown against the new reforms for the privatization of universities and in defense of public services. I say and repeat that postcolonial and decolonial praxis are here to clear spaces for multiple and different knowledge systems to grow and I return to the crucial question of pedagogies, whose purpose is not to secure the reproduction of the system but to make it accountable.
Research Interests:
This article presents a critical survey that maps out the development and reception of the decolonial turn in Western and French aca-demia. It traces its genealogical foundations, its points of overlap with and departure from postcolonial... more
This article presents a critical survey that maps out the development and reception of the decolonial turn in Western and French aca-demia. It traces its genealogical foundations, its points of overlap with and departure from postcolonial studies; illustrates the theoretical contributions of its founding figures and discusses its limitations in relation to its own conceptual blind spots and the neo-liberal context and contemporary regime of coloniality which restrict its development [...] After mapping out the genealogies and interventions of the field, the article offers case studies of its reception in the Republic of South Africa, the UK, and particularly France, where it was first introduced by racialized activist groups. A decolonial literature has emerged in French thanks to academic journals such as Cahiers des Amériques Latines, Mouvements, Multitudes, and Tumultes, and to the publishing house La Découverte. Despite its circulation in English and in translation, the field has met much resistance both inside and outside universities. For instance, Its presence continues to depend on the commitment of specific individuals organizing seminars and workshops, but not on any official program. In this article, I argue that the non-reception of decolonial studies, ranging from careless dismissal to violent rejection amongst conservatives and secularists alike, should be understood in the context of systemic racism and Islamophobia in France, and should also be related to the precedent of postcolonial studies, which have met with a strong opposition, especially in the social sciences.
Research Interests:
Dans ce portrait d’Arundhati Roy, je m’intéresse tout particulièrement à ses essais et à la « méthode » Roy d’une écriture pratiquant échos thématiques et formels entre fiction et non-fiction et nouant enjeux locaux et globaux. L’article... more
Dans ce portrait d’Arundhati Roy, je m’intéresse tout particulièrement à ses essais et à la « méthode » Roy d’une écriture pratiquant échos thématiques et formels entre fiction et non-fiction et nouant enjeux locaux et globaux. L’article analyse les difficultés liées à la position de Roy en tant que militante appartenant de naissance à la caste privilégiée brahmane et occupant par défaut une place parmi l’élite culturelle indienne écrivant essentiellement en anglais. Aussi, dans ce portrait, je m’emploie à analyser les réceptions globales et locales de l’auteure. Cette position soulève le problème du monopole de la parole critique et militante par l’élite. Au-delà d’un débat autour des questions de légitimité de la parole, les essais de Roy nous rappellent à la nécessité d’une distinction entre militantisme global, auquel elle appartient pleinement, et militantisme spécifique, qu’elle observe, documente, relaie et soutient de l’extérieur, mais aussi à la nécessité de leur convergences et jonctions.
I. Essais au bord de la fiction
II. Du local au global: engagements
III. Du global vers le local: ambiguités en controverses
Où il est question de DalitCamera, du mouvement #MacronGoBack et aussi de la littérature comme abri: abri en situation de violence et censure politiques; abri aussi lorsqu’elle se donne pour vocation d’imaginer d’autres configurations plus justes, accueillantes, attentives et bienveillantes du monde.
I. Essais au bord de la fiction
II. Du local au global: engagements
III. Du global vers le local: ambiguités en controverses
Où il est question de DalitCamera, du mouvement #MacronGoBack et aussi de la littérature comme abri: abri en situation de violence et censure politiques; abri aussi lorsqu’elle se donne pour vocation d’imaginer d’autres configurations plus justes, accueillantes, attentives et bienveillantes du monde.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This article uses travel literature to South America published in the 1710s and Daniel Defoe's essays, journalism, and correspondence to reinterpret the presence and depiction of Africa and South America, the Atlantic and the South Sea in... more
This article uses travel literature to South America published in the 1710s and Daniel Defoe's essays, journalism, and correspondence to reinterpret the presence and depiction of Africa and South America, the Atlantic and the South Sea in Robinson Crusoe. It unbinds geography from narrative and uncovers economic and colonial territories and networks that are not mapped or are kept hidden in the plot. This recovered geography intertwines territories which are diegetically constructed as discrete and it develops a line of narration that may support, complement , displace, or subvert the organization and function of space in the plot. This geo-critical approach allows a fresh contrapuntal reading of Robinson Crusoe that recalls the ties binding the novel to capitalism, slavery, and colonisation.
Cet article réinterprète la présence et les représentations de l'Afrique, de l'Amérique du Sud, de l'Atlantique, et des mers du Sud dans Robinson Crusoé à partir de la littérature de voyage vers l'Amérique du Sud publiée dans les années 1710 et les lettres, essais et articles de presse de Daniel Defoe. L'étude se donne pour objectif de libérer la géographie de la diégèse afin de recouvrer les territoires et réseaux économiques et coloniaux qui ne sont pas cartographiés par le récit ou sont volon-tairement cachés. Une fois dévoilée, cette géographie permet de relier des espaces construits comme séparés dans l'imaginaire du récit. Elle tisse sa propre narration qui peut renforcer, compléter mais aussi déplacer ou subvertir la manière dont le récit organise et pense l'espace. L'approche géo-critique développée ici permet une lecture de Robinson Crusoé en contre-point, qui rappelle le lien existant entre le roman, le capitalisme, l'esclavage et la colonisation.
Cet article réinterprète la présence et les représentations de l'Afrique, de l'Amérique du Sud, de l'Atlantique, et des mers du Sud dans Robinson Crusoé à partir de la littérature de voyage vers l'Amérique du Sud publiée dans les années 1710 et les lettres, essais et articles de presse de Daniel Defoe. L'étude se donne pour objectif de libérer la géographie de la diégèse afin de recouvrer les territoires et réseaux économiques et coloniaux qui ne sont pas cartographiés par le récit ou sont volon-tairement cachés. Une fois dévoilée, cette géographie permet de relier des espaces construits comme séparés dans l'imaginaire du récit. Elle tisse sa propre narration qui peut renforcer, compléter mais aussi déplacer ou subvertir la manière dont le récit organise et pense l'espace. L'approche géo-critique développée ici permet une lecture de Robinson Crusoé en contre-point, qui rappelle le lien existant entre le roman, le capitalisme, l'esclavage et la colonisation.
Research Interests:
In Postcolonial Asylum, David Farrier explains why refugee experiences have been considered as a “scandal” for postcolonial studies, but also how they have become central to the field, insofar as they reflect the violence and unevenness... more
In Postcolonial Asylum, David Farrier explains why refugee experiences have been considered as a “scandal” for postcolonial studies, but also how they have become central to the field, insofar as they reflect the violence and unevenness of the current world order. If geography, political philosophy and law have analysed current “refugee crises”, the literature and arts produced by or about forcefully displaced people have remained understudied. This article affirms that postcolonial theory, precisely because of its situation at the crossroads between social sciences and humanities, offers a unique platform from where to study refugee literature and arts. It also argues that its enduring impact lies in its extraterritoriality, i.e. its capacity to interrogate dominant literary histories defined along national borders, frustrate unilingual visions of national languages and individual conceptions of authorship, and inspire seminal “turbulence” in artistic, critical, and academic practices.
To cite this article: Claire Gallien (2018) Forcing displacement: The postcolonial interventions of refugee literature and arts, Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 54:6, 735-750, DOI: 10.1080/17449855.2018.1551268
To cite this article: Claire Gallien (2018) Forcing displacement: The postcolonial interventions of refugee literature and arts, Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 54:6, 735-750, DOI: 10.1080/17449855.2018.1551268
Research Interests:
Introduction
To cite this article: Claire Gallien (2018) “Refugee Literature”: What postcolonial theory has to say, Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 54:6, 721-726, DOI: 10.1080/17449855.2018.1555206
To cite this article: Claire Gallien (2018) “Refugee Literature”: What postcolonial theory has to say, Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 54:6, 721-726, DOI: 10.1080/17449855.2018.1555206
Research Interests:
Abstract This article focuses on the literary productions in prose and verse by or related to Muslim Guantánamo detainees. They are redacted documents directly written or translated into English. The purpose of this essay is to read... more
Abstract
This article focuses on the literary productions in prose and verse by or related to Muslim Guantánamo detainees. They are redacted documents directly written or translated into English. The purpose of this essay is to read “terrorist” literature para-doxically and argue that US authorities may be right in claiming that it represents a “national security threat”, but not in the meaning initially purveyed. Indeed, marked by the black bars of redaction, the literature eloquently displays the “terror” of state violence. Integrating redactions into the narrating process and exposing what happens in black sites give detainees’ texts the power, albeit precarious, to break the hegemonic discourse of the state and undermine its monopoly over representations of “terrorism”. The article also discusses the danger of interpreting these texts as mere responses to state violence, to failing justice systems, and democracies. It shows how their subjection to official redaction, editorial rewriting, and to the “forensic” imperative is real but it also delves into the literariness of these texts and their literary interventions. It is precisely by reactivating literary connections and intervening in existing Arabic and Pashto poetic traditions that they escape the physical and imaginary confines of Guantánamo and achieve liberation.
Content List
1. Abstract
2. Obliterating a voice: What happens in the black of redaction
3. Regaining a voice: Can the terrorist speak?
4. Finding a voice: Writing beyond the imperative and reconnecting with tradition
5. Conclusion
6. Notes
7. References
This article focuses on the literary productions in prose and verse by or related to Muslim Guantánamo detainees. They are redacted documents directly written or translated into English. The purpose of this essay is to read “terrorist” literature para-doxically and argue that US authorities may be right in claiming that it represents a “national security threat”, but not in the meaning initially purveyed. Indeed, marked by the black bars of redaction, the literature eloquently displays the “terror” of state violence. Integrating redactions into the narrating process and exposing what happens in black sites give detainees’ texts the power, albeit precarious, to break the hegemonic discourse of the state and undermine its monopoly over representations of “terrorism”. The article also discusses the danger of interpreting these texts as mere responses to state violence, to failing justice systems, and democracies. It shows how their subjection to official redaction, editorial rewriting, and to the “forensic” imperative is real but it also delves into the literariness of these texts and their literary interventions. It is precisely by reactivating literary connections and intervening in existing Arabic and Pashto poetic traditions that they escape the physical and imaginary confines of Guantánamo and achieve liberation.
Content List
1. Abstract
2. Obliterating a voice: What happens in the black of redaction
3. Regaining a voice: Can the terrorist speak?
4. Finding a voice: Writing beyond the imperative and reconnecting with tradition
5. Conclusion
6. Notes
7. References
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The Gazan border, as both a highly topical and sensitive issue, embodies the threatened state of Palestinian life at large and is central to contemporary Gazan writers and artists, whether they live inside or outside Gaza. In a sense,... more
The Gazan border, as both a highly topical and sensitive issue, embodies the threatened state of Palestinian life at large and is central to contemporary Gazan writers and artists, whether they live inside or outside Gaza. In a sense, their art and literature seem to be trapped by the ongoing conflict with Israel and the current political situation in the region, to which they cannot but respond. As I highlight in the article, not only does fiction expose the violence and suffering of Gazan life under siege, it also challenges territorial fragmentation by transgressing the colonial map imposed by Israel and by defining counter-geographies.
Research Interests:
This article focuses on the solo exhibitions of Larissa Sansour entitled “In the Future They Ate from the Finest Porcelain” and “Archeology: In Abstentia” (2016), along with Wael Shawky’s “Cabaret Crusades” trilogy (2010-2014). Their... more
This article focuses on the solo exhibitions of Larissa Sansour entitled “In the Future They Ate from the Finest Porcelain” and “Archeology: In Abstentia” (2016), along with Wael Shawky’s “Cabaret Crusades” trilogy (2010-2014). Their exhibitions offer fascinating reflections on the archive as construction and on the articulation of memory in traumatic contexts, whether these are the Nakba and the on-going colonisation of Palestine by Israel or the Christian Crusades to regain Jerusalem.
In their films and their creations of breakable objects, such as the porcelain plate and the glass puppet, they open up new possibilities to think and write about the past in modes that take ambivalence and subjectivity at face value. Furthermore, by articulating chronotopes that are fundamentally disjunctive, not only do the artists suggest alternative and counter-modes of remembering the past, they also draw our attention on the act of narrating the past as political process. Thus, not only do they create alternative narratives drawn from other perspectives – here the Arab one –, but they also debunk the myth of the archive as a factual and objective piece of literature and foreground perspectivism and precariousness instead.
In other words, Sansour and Shawky's artistic projects do not just aim at developing an Eastern historiography of traumatic times only, and certainly do not participate in a simplistic clash of civilisations narrative. Their works are eminently contextualised, but they also resonate well beyond the Middle-East and show what art can do with/to the archives, escaping adversarial narratives and using them to create dissonance, critical distance, personal and social transformations
In their films and their creations of breakable objects, such as the porcelain plate and the glass puppet, they open up new possibilities to think and write about the past in modes that take ambivalence and subjectivity at face value. Furthermore, by articulating chronotopes that are fundamentally disjunctive, not only do the artists suggest alternative and counter-modes of remembering the past, they also draw our attention on the act of narrating the past as political process. Thus, not only do they create alternative narratives drawn from other perspectives – here the Arab one –, but they also debunk the myth of the archive as a factual and objective piece of literature and foreground perspectivism and precariousness instead.
In other words, Sansour and Shawky's artistic projects do not just aim at developing an Eastern historiography of traumatic times only, and certainly do not participate in a simplistic clash of civilisations narrative. Their works are eminently contextualised, but they also resonate well beyond the Middle-East and show what art can do with/to the archives, escaping adversarial narratives and using them to create dissonance, critical distance, personal and social transformations
Research Interests:
By looking at the narratives of two major contemporary British travel writers, namely Bruce Chatwin and Iain Sinclair, this article aims at gauging the impact of postmodernity on the practice and discourse of travel. Indeed, their works... more
By looking at the narratives of two major contemporary British travel writers, namely Bruce Chatwin and Iain Sinclair, this article aims at gauging the impact of postmodernity on the practice and discourse of travel. Indeed, their works are animated by two forces—one which aims at deconstructing patterns of domination, whether political, social, economical, or cultural, encoded in space, and the other which strives to produce or reenact alternative lines of travel, whether through the introduction of myth, memory or desire. We thus contend that their travel practices are paradigmatic, in the sense that, beyond or below cartographic layouts, they offer different ways to organize space. Not only do Chatwin and Sinclair criticize and renew the practice of travelling, but they also fundamentally question its linguistic rendition. Indeed, linear developments are partly dispensed with and replaced by digressions, analepses, prolepses, ellipses, or the use of parataxis in order to problematize the relationship between language and reality and to emphasize the elusiveness of meaning.
This article analyzes the relationship between a corpus of Oriental texts in translation and the eighteenth-century English literary canon in terms of supplementation. Indeed, as early as the beginning of the century, English authors and... more
This article analyzes the relationship between a corpus of Oriental texts in
translation and the eighteenth-century English literary canon in terms of
supplementation. Indeed, as early as the beginning of the century, English
authors and essayists vindicated the introduction of Oriental tropes and
style, arguing that those would make up for the expressive and figurative
deficiencies of English literature. In the second half of the eighteenth
century, authors and poets belonging to the sentimental, the gothic and the
romantic traditions use this exogenous model as an element of
transgression, allowing them to try the limits of genre. The Orient is thus
much more than a pasteboard background – it provides English literature
with new expressive means.
Cet article analyse le rapport de la littérature orientale traduite au canon
littéraire anglais du XVIIIe siècle en termes de « supplément ». En effet, dès
le début du siècle, auteurs et essayistes anglais justifient l’intégration du
style et des tropes orientaux afin de combler les manques expressifs et
figuratifs de la littérature anglaise. Dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle,
les auteurs et poètes appartenant aux courants sentimentaliste, gothique ou
romantique se servent de ce modèle exogène comme d’un élément
transgressif leur permettant de pousser les limites génériques à bout.
L’Orient est donc bien plus qu’un simple décor de carton pâte : il offre à la
littérature anglaise de nouveaux moyens d’expression.
translation and the eighteenth-century English literary canon in terms of
supplementation. Indeed, as early as the beginning of the century, English
authors and essayists vindicated the introduction of Oriental tropes and
style, arguing that those would make up for the expressive and figurative
deficiencies of English literature. In the second half of the eighteenth
century, authors and poets belonging to the sentimental, the gothic and the
romantic traditions use this exogenous model as an element of
transgression, allowing them to try the limits of genre. The Orient is thus
much more than a pasteboard background – it provides English literature
with new expressive means.
Cet article analyse le rapport de la littérature orientale traduite au canon
littéraire anglais du XVIIIe siècle en termes de « supplément ». En effet, dès
le début du siècle, auteurs et essayistes anglais justifient l’intégration du
style et des tropes orientaux afin de combler les manques expressifs et
figuratifs de la littérature anglaise. Dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle,
les auteurs et poètes appartenant aux courants sentimentaliste, gothique ou
romantique se servent de ce modèle exogène comme d’un élément
transgressif leur permettant de pousser les limites génériques à bout.
L’Orient est donc bien plus qu’un simple décor de carton pâte : il offre à la
littérature anglaise de nouveaux moyens d’expression.
Research Interests:
Late Eighteenth-Century British Orientalism and the Creation of the Indian Literary Canon. The rediscovery of Indian literature in late eighteenth-century Europe, as well as its influence on European literary movements, have been... more
Late Eighteenth-Century British Orientalism and the Creation of the Indian Literary Canon.
The rediscovery of Indian literature in late eighteenth-century Europe, as well as its influence on European literary movements, have been extensively covered by literary criticism. However, the question of what is actually meant by « Indian literature » has been insufficiently addressed. Titles and contents are mentioned but we actually know very little about the transformations forced on Indian texts before they could be circulated in Europe. Borrowing from South Asian studies and from the critique of Orientalism, this article unpacks the logics and politics that went into the creation of an Indian literary canon « in comparison » with Europe.
Les orientalistes britanniques de la fin du XVIIIe siècle et la création du canon littéraire indien.
La redécouverte de la littérature indienne dans l’Europe de la fin du XVIIIe siècle et son influence sur les mouvements littéraires européens ont été largement étudiées par la critique littéraire. Cependant, le concept même de « littérature indienne » n’a pas été suffisamment problématisé. Titres et contenus sont étudiés sans avoir pris la mesure des transformations imposées sur les textes indiens avant de pouvoir être circulés en Europe. Empruntant aux travaux publiés dans le domaine Asie du Sud et à la critique de l’Orientalisme, cet article analyse le processus de création du canon littéraire indien « en comparaison » avec l’Europe et les enjeux idéologiques d’une telle construction.
The rediscovery of Indian literature in late eighteenth-century Europe, as well as its influence on European literary movements, have been extensively covered by literary criticism. However, the question of what is actually meant by « Indian literature » has been insufficiently addressed. Titles and contents are mentioned but we actually know very little about the transformations forced on Indian texts before they could be circulated in Europe. Borrowing from South Asian studies and from the critique of Orientalism, this article unpacks the logics and politics that went into the creation of an Indian literary canon « in comparison » with Europe.
Les orientalistes britanniques de la fin du XVIIIe siècle et la création du canon littéraire indien.
La redécouverte de la littérature indienne dans l’Europe de la fin du XVIIIe siècle et son influence sur les mouvements littéraires européens ont été largement étudiées par la critique littéraire. Cependant, le concept même de « littérature indienne » n’a pas été suffisamment problématisé. Titres et contenus sont étudiés sans avoir pris la mesure des transformations imposées sur les textes indiens avant de pouvoir être circulés en Europe. Empruntant aux travaux publiés dans le domaine Asie du Sud et à la critique de l’Orientalisme, cet article analyse le processus de création du canon littéraire indien « en comparaison » avec l’Europe et les enjeux idéologiques d’une telle construction.
Research Interests:
Pour citer cet article : Claire Gallien, « Edward Pococke et l’orientalisme anglais du xvii e siècle : passeurs, transferts et transitions », Dix-septième siècle 2015/3 (n° 268), p. 443-458. DOI 10.3917/dss.153.0443
Research Interests:
To speak about orientalism now is to explain the persistent concern, among academic and non-academic readers and writers alike, with the transformative effect of Edward Said’s Orientalism (1978). Said’s text has been taken as a challenge... more
To speak about orientalism now is to explain the persistent concern, among academic and non-academic readers and writers alike, with the transformative effect of Edward Said’s Orientalism (1978). Said’s text has been taken as a challenge by historians of society and of literature alike. To these scholars, the book of- fered a vast new field of inquiry into the relationship between European and colonial history, between cultural production and capitalism, and between Enlightenment idealism and the politics of domination. Orientalism was also a particular model of interpretive methodology, which repurposed Orientalism, once a term for cultural appreciation and interest, to name a relationship of mistrust, abuse, and control.
We show in this essay that Said’s argument about the inextricable ties between Europe and its colonial domains has been so deeply absorbed as an intellectual, ethical, and political imperative that no serious scholarship is now imaginable that remains unaware of imperialism as a formative element of European history and culture. As a model of interpretive methodology, Said’s work has been subjected to some of the most poignant and compelling criticisms, especially by contemporary British historiography and literary criticism working on the eighteenth-century period and whose purpose and effect have been to expand and improve the examination and understanding of imperialism and the enduring practices and implications of imperial culture.
What has perplexed eighteenth-century scholars and then encouraged them to take up the question of Orientalism was the fact that Said largely omitted periods prior to Bonaparte’s expedition in Egypt in 1798 and provided a monolithic and hegemonic version of Orientalism as discursive formation, transport- able and translatable to any given time and place. Scholars of the eighteenth-century period, and more particularly, given the scope of Said’s research, those working in the fields of the history of empire and in literary criticism, have been keen to respond to the Orientalist challenge. This allowed them not only to embrace the Saidian perspective and revisit the corpus of eighteenth-century literature through the Orientalist prism but also, at a second stage perhaps, to refine and adapt the concept of Orientalism to time and place specifics and display a more anxious history of empire.
The re-reading of European textual materials with an eye to Orientalism has been (and continues to be) enabling of historicist understandings of literary representation and its potentially collusive relation- ship with the histories of colonialism. Developments in colonial historiography and related fields such as historical anthropology have made possible new insights into the relationship between eighteenth- century English literature and empire. Orientalism also provided an analytical frame to think about matters related to the construction of tropes, the transformation of Eastern texts as they traveled across countries and continents, the promotion and demotion of genres, the question of canon formation, the birth of the “English” novel, gender, and the impact of other forces than empire, such as the book market, in determining Orientalist fashions.
We show in this essay that Said’s argument about the inextricable ties between Europe and its colonial domains has been so deeply absorbed as an intellectual, ethical, and political imperative that no serious scholarship is now imaginable that remains unaware of imperialism as a formative element of European history and culture. As a model of interpretive methodology, Said’s work has been subjected to some of the most poignant and compelling criticisms, especially by contemporary British historiography and literary criticism working on the eighteenth-century period and whose purpose and effect have been to expand and improve the examination and understanding of imperialism and the enduring practices and implications of imperial culture.
What has perplexed eighteenth-century scholars and then encouraged them to take up the question of Orientalism was the fact that Said largely omitted periods prior to Bonaparte’s expedition in Egypt in 1798 and provided a monolithic and hegemonic version of Orientalism as discursive formation, transport- able and translatable to any given time and place. Scholars of the eighteenth-century period, and more particularly, given the scope of Said’s research, those working in the fields of the history of empire and in literary criticism, have been keen to respond to the Orientalist challenge. This allowed them not only to embrace the Saidian perspective and revisit the corpus of eighteenth-century literature through the Orientalist prism but also, at a second stage perhaps, to refine and adapt the concept of Orientalism to time and place specifics and display a more anxious history of empire.
The re-reading of European textual materials with an eye to Orientalism has been (and continues to be) enabling of historicist understandings of literary representation and its potentially collusive relation- ship with the histories of colonialism. Developments in colonial historiography and related fields such as historical anthropology have made possible new insights into the relationship between eighteenth- century English literature and empire. Orientalism also provided an analytical frame to think about matters related to the construction of tropes, the transformation of Eastern texts as they traveled across countries and continents, the promotion and demotion of genres, the question of canon formation, the birth of the “English” novel, gender, and the impact of other forces than empire, such as the book market, in determining Orientalist fashions.
Research Interests:
Présentation Introduction
par Claire Gallien et Sarga Moussa Gallien
Sur la préface d’Edward Said à la traduction anglaise de La Renaissance orientale (1984) de Raymond Schwab : De « l’humanisme intégral » à « l’humanisme... more
Présentation
Introduction par Claire Gallien et Sarga Moussa
Gallien Sur la préface d’Edward Said à la traduction anglaise de La Renaissance orientale (1984) de Raymond Schwab : De « l’humanisme intégral » à « l’humanisme démocratique »
Sarga Moussa « Voyager c’est traduire. » Relire le Voyage en Orient de Lamartine à la lumière de Raymond Schwab
Guillaume Bridet Yggdrasill (1936-1940) : une revue entre cosmopolitisme, impérialisme et universalisme poétiques
Chloé Chaudet Raymond Schwab et la pensée occidentale de l’engagement : vers un renouveau transculturel de l’histoire littéraire
Ninon Chavoz Fictions « d’innombrable » : la Renaissance romantique chez Raymond Schwab (1950) et Tristan Garcia (2019)
Tristan Leperlier Pour une histoire littéraire transnationale : La littérature algérienne entre « Intégral » et « Intégrisme »
Michaël Ferrier Japon : « l’interlocuteur invisible ». L’absence du Japon dans La Renaissance orientale de Raymond Schwab
Introduction par Claire Gallien et Sarga Moussa
Gallien Sur la préface d’Edward Said à la traduction anglaise de La Renaissance orientale (1984) de Raymond Schwab : De « l’humanisme intégral » à « l’humanisme démocratique »
Sarga Moussa « Voyager c’est traduire. » Relire le Voyage en Orient de Lamartine à la lumière de Raymond Schwab
Guillaume Bridet Yggdrasill (1936-1940) : une revue entre cosmopolitisme, impérialisme et universalisme poétiques
Chloé Chaudet Raymond Schwab et la pensée occidentale de l’engagement : vers un renouveau transculturel de l’histoire littéraire
Ninon Chavoz Fictions « d’innombrable » : la Renaissance romantique chez Raymond Schwab (1950) et Tristan Garcia (2019)
Tristan Leperlier Pour une histoire littéraire transnationale : La littérature algérienne entre « Intégral » et « Intégrisme »
Michaël Ferrier Japon : « l’interlocuteur invisible ». L’absence du Japon dans La Renaissance orientale de Raymond Schwab
Research Interests:
Claire Gallien, Université de Montpellier 3, IRCL (UMR 5186) Ladan Niayesh, Université de Paris, LARCA (UMR 8225) New Transculturalisms 1400-1800 Series, Palgrave Macmillan, 2019. 208 pages. ISBN 978-3-030-22924-5. Hardcover 103,99... more
Claire Gallien, Université de Montpellier 3, IRCL (UMR 5186)
Ladan Niayesh, Université de Paris, LARCA (UMR 8225)
New Transculturalisms 1400-1800 Series, Palgrave Macmillan, 2019. 208 pages. ISBN 978-3-030-22924-5. Hardcover 103,99 euros, eBook 59,49 euros.
https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9783030229245
The concept of resonance collapses the binary between subject and object, perceiver and perceived, evoking a sound or image that is prolonged and augmented by making contact with another surface. This collection uses resonance as an innovative framework for understanding the circulation of people and objects between England and its multiple Asian Easts. Moving beyond Saidian Orientalism to engage with ongoing critical conversations in the fields of connected history, material culture, and thing theory, it offers a vibrant range of case studies that consider how meanings accrue and shift through circulation and interconnection from the sixteenth to the early nineteenth century. Spanning centuries of traveling translations, narratives, myths, practices, and other cultural phenomena, Eastern Resonances in Early Modern England puts forth resonance not just as a metaphor, but a mode of investigation.
Table of contents:
Acknowledgements
1. Introduction (Claire Gallien, Ladan Niayesh) 1-14
2. Not fit for any other pursuit: Shifting Places, Shifting Identities in Ludovico di Varthemas Itinerario (Supriya Chaudhuri ) 17-34
3. A Pattern to all Princes: Locating the Queen of Sheba (Matthew Dimmock) 35-50
4. Endued with a natural disposition to resonance and sympathy: Harmonious Joness Intimate Reading and Cultural Translation of India (Michael J. Franklin) 51-71
5. Ancient Persia, Early Modern England, and the Labours of Reception (Jane Grogan) 75-92
6. Enthusiastick Uses of an Oriental Tale: The English Translations of Ibn Tufayls Hayy Ibn Yaqdhan in the Eighteenth Century (Louisiane Ferlierr, Claire Gallien) 93-114
7. The Manchu Invasion of Britain: Nomadic Resonances in Eighteenth-Century Fiction, Chinoiserie Aesthetics, and Material Culture (Laurence Williams Laurence Wiriamuzu) 115-135
8. From Jehol to Stowe: Ornamental Orientalism and the Aesthetics of the Anglo-Chinese Garden (Vanessa Alayrac-Fielding) 139-162
9. A Mart for Everything: Commercial Empire and India as Bazaar in the Long Eighteenth Century (Diego Saglia) 163-181
10. Collecting in India and Transferring to Britain, or the Intertwined Lives of Indian Statues and Colonial Administrators (Late Eighteenth Century to Early Nineteenth Century) (Anne-Julie Etter) 183-199
Index
__________
Ladan Niayesh, Université de Paris, LARCA (UMR 8225)
New Transculturalisms 1400-1800 Series, Palgrave Macmillan, 2019. 208 pages. ISBN 978-3-030-22924-5. Hardcover 103,99 euros, eBook 59,49 euros.
https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9783030229245
The concept of resonance collapses the binary between subject and object, perceiver and perceived, evoking a sound or image that is prolonged and augmented by making contact with another surface. This collection uses resonance as an innovative framework for understanding the circulation of people and objects between England and its multiple Asian Easts. Moving beyond Saidian Orientalism to engage with ongoing critical conversations in the fields of connected history, material culture, and thing theory, it offers a vibrant range of case studies that consider how meanings accrue and shift through circulation and interconnection from the sixteenth to the early nineteenth century. Spanning centuries of traveling translations, narratives, myths, practices, and other cultural phenomena, Eastern Resonances in Early Modern England puts forth resonance not just as a metaphor, but a mode of investigation.
Table of contents:
Acknowledgements
1. Introduction (Claire Gallien, Ladan Niayesh) 1-14
2. Not fit for any other pursuit: Shifting Places, Shifting Identities in Ludovico di Varthemas Itinerario (Supriya Chaudhuri ) 17-34
3. A Pattern to all Princes: Locating the Queen of Sheba (Matthew Dimmock) 35-50
4. Endued with a natural disposition to resonance and sympathy: Harmonious Joness Intimate Reading and Cultural Translation of India (Michael J. Franklin) 51-71
5. Ancient Persia, Early Modern England, and the Labours of Reception (Jane Grogan) 75-92
6. Enthusiastick Uses of an Oriental Tale: The English Translations of Ibn Tufayls Hayy Ibn Yaqdhan in the Eighteenth Century (Louisiane Ferlierr, Claire Gallien) 93-114
7. The Manchu Invasion of Britain: Nomadic Resonances in Eighteenth-Century Fiction, Chinoiserie Aesthetics, and Material Culture (Laurence Williams Laurence Wiriamuzu) 115-135
8. From Jehol to Stowe: Ornamental Orientalism and the Aesthetics of the Anglo-Chinese Garden (Vanessa Alayrac-Fielding) 139-162
9. A Mart for Everything: Commercial Empire and India as Bazaar in the Long Eighteenth Century (Diego Saglia) 163-181
10. Collecting in India and Transferring to Britain, or the Intertwined Lives of Indian Statues and Colonial Administrators (Late Eighteenth Century to Early Nineteenth Century) (Anne-Julie Etter) 183-199
Index
__________
Research Interests:
Journal of Postcolonial Writing Volume 54 Number 6 December 2018 _________________________________________________________________________ Contents Special issue: Refugee Literature Guest Editor: Claire Gallien Introduction:... more
Journal of Postcolonial Writing
Volume 54 Number 6 December 2018
_________________________________________________________________________
Contents
Special issue: Refugee Literature
Guest Editor: Claire Gallien
Introduction: “Refugee literature” - What postcolonial theory has to say
Claire Gallien
Articles
A season of wandering. On the camps.
Laura Genz
Forcing Displacement: The postcolonial interventions of refugee literature and arts
Claire Gallien
A global postcolonial: Contemporary Arabic literature of migration to Europe
Johanna Sellman
The more-than-human refugee journey: Hassan Blasim’s short stories
Rita Sakr
No country, no cry: Literature of women’s displacement and the reading of pity
Olivera Jokic
A life without a shoreline: Tropes of refugee literature in Jenny Erpenbeck’s Go, Went, Gone
Corina Stan
The battle of truth and fiction: Documentary storytelling and Middle Eastern refugee discourse
Valerie Anishchenkova
An environmental history of literary resilience: “Environmental refugees” in the Senegal River Valley
Mélanie Bourlet and Marie Lorin
General Article
The question of Arab “identity” in Amin Maalouf’s Les Desorientés
Hanan Ibrahim
Book Reviews
Volume 54 Number 6 December 2018
_________________________________________________________________________
Contents
Special issue: Refugee Literature
Guest Editor: Claire Gallien
Introduction: “Refugee literature” - What postcolonial theory has to say
Claire Gallien
Articles
A season of wandering. On the camps.
Laura Genz
Forcing Displacement: The postcolonial interventions of refugee literature and arts
Claire Gallien
A global postcolonial: Contemporary Arabic literature of migration to Europe
Johanna Sellman
The more-than-human refugee journey: Hassan Blasim’s short stories
Rita Sakr
No country, no cry: Literature of women’s displacement and the reading of pity
Olivera Jokic
A life without a shoreline: Tropes of refugee literature in Jenny Erpenbeck’s Go, Went, Gone
Corina Stan
The battle of truth and fiction: Documentary storytelling and Middle Eastern refugee discourse
Valerie Anishchenkova
An environmental history of literary resilience: “Environmental refugees” in the Senegal River Valley
Mélanie Bourlet and Marie Lorin
General Article
The question of Arab “identity” in Amin Maalouf’s Les Desorientés
Hanan Ibrahim
Book Reviews
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
The concept of resonance collapses the binary between subject and object, perceiver and perceived, evoking a sound or image that is prolonged and augmented by making contact with another surface. This collection uses resonance as an... more
The concept of resonance collapses the binary between subject and object, perceiver and perceived, evoking a sound or image that is prolonged and augmented by making contact with another surface. This collection uses resonance as an innovative framework for understanding the circulation of people and objects between England and its multiple Asian Easts. Moving beyond Saidian Orientalism to engage with ongoing critical conversations in the fields of connected history, material culture, and thing theory, it offers a vibrant range of case studies that consider how meanings accrue and shift through circulation and interconnection from the sixteenth to the early nineteenth century. Spanning centuries of traveling translations, narratives, myths, practices, and other cultural phenomena, Eastern Resonances in Early Modern England puts forth resonance not just as a metaphor, but a mode of investigation.
Research Interests:
This chapter compares Ishmael Bashaw’s The Turkish Refugee with other types of eighteenth-century testimonial writing in English, including tales of captivity, enslavement, and vagrancy, and in doing so unpacks the political and... more
This chapter compares Ishmael Bashaw’s The Turkish Refugee with other types of eighteenth-century testimonial writing in English, including tales of captivity, enslavement, and vagrancy, and in doing so unpacks the political and ideological frames underpinning the construction of the figure of the Muslim refugee. In doing so, as well as in questioning the ambivalences and paradoxes of charity and pity, its denial of horizontality and reliance on the verticality of relief, my essay also builds in a longue durée reflection on issues pertaining to writing in the name of refugees, marketing refugee literature, and the elaboration of xenophobic and Islamophobic discourses.
The permanent instability of the Turkish refugee is mirrored in the narrative that is attributed to him and which never settles in a specific genre. Indeed, it overwrites travel literature traditions in Arabic, namely the rihla and the masalik, and borrows from numerous generic strands of travel writing, with or without conversion episodes, and which were popular in Europe at the time, namely refugee narratives, the picaresque novel, vagrant narratives, and slave narratives. I argue in this chapter that Ishmael Bashaw’s story comes closest to the slave narrative, which is why I end my analysis with a reflection on its intersections with the genre, and discuss the literary and ideological implications of this near-identification, but also I emphasize how it deviates from it, leaving the reader with the impression that Ishmael Bashaw and his story never quite fit anywhere.
The permanent instability of the Turkish refugee is mirrored in the narrative that is attributed to him and which never settles in a specific genre. Indeed, it overwrites travel literature traditions in Arabic, namely the rihla and the masalik, and borrows from numerous generic strands of travel writing, with or without conversion episodes, and which were popular in Europe at the time, namely refugee narratives, the picaresque novel, vagrant narratives, and slave narratives. I argue in this chapter that Ishmael Bashaw’s story comes closest to the slave narrative, which is why I end my analysis with a reflection on its intersections with the genre, and discuss the literary and ideological implications of this near-identification, but also I emphasize how it deviates from it, leaving the reader with the impression that Ishmael Bashaw and his story never quite fit anywhere.
Research Interests:
In Makram Abbès et Laurent Dartigues, "Orientalismes, occidentalismes. A propos de l’œuvre d’Edward Said." Collection "Echanges Littéraires", Hermann éd.
Research Interests:
in Makram Abbès et Laurent Dartigues, "Orientalismes, occidentalismes. A propos de l’œuvre d’Edward Said." Collection "Echanges Littéraires", Hermann éd.
Research Interests:
in Makram Abbès et Laurent Dartigues, "Orientalismes, occidentalismes. A propos de l’œuvre d’Edward Said." Collection "Echanges Littéraires", Hermann éd.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Les extraits traduits sont tirés du deuxième volume (1851-1866) de la correspondance d’Edward FitzGerald publiée par Terhune en 1980. Contrairement à la plupart des chapitres de l’ouvrage qui reprennent sous forme traduite un essai... more
Les extraits traduits sont tirés du deuxième volume (1851-1866) de la correspondance d’Edward FitzGerald publiée par Terhune en 1980.
Contrairement à la plupart des chapitres de l’ouvrage qui reprennent sous forme traduite un essai complet écrit par un auteur ou artiste britannique sur l’art de la traduction, le texte choisi dans cette section est composé d’extraits de la correspondance d’Edward FitzGerald (1809-1883) dans laquelle ce dernier précise les différentes étapes de son travail de traduction des Rubā’iyāt du poète persan Omar Khayyām (1048-1131). Au fil des lettres, FitzGerald offre à son correspondant, professeur de persan, Edward Cowell, une réflexion sur sa conception de l’art de la traduction. La cohérence de l’ensemble tient en cette unité thématique et au fait que les lettres sont toutes adressées au même destinataire. Par ailleurs, les lettres sélectionnées pour leur contenu métacritique ont parfois été coupées lorsque trop longues et s’éloignant du sujet qui nous concerne ici – les remarques de l’auteur sur son art de traduire et sur sa conception de la traduction. L’étude de cette correspondance est particulièrement captivante parce qu’elle révèle à la fois l’ambivalence du rapport de FitzGerald, auteur, traducteur, et orientaliste, au matériau persan—ambivalence que l’on pourrait rapprocher de la définition qu’Edward Said donne de l’Orientalisme, oscillant entre précision et généralisation, illusion mimétique et recréation, dénotation et connotation, éloge et condamnation—mais aussi parce qu’elle s’inscrit dans une vision plus générale de la traduction comme recréation. Partisan d’un modèle de traduction libre, FitzGerald interroge au fil de sa correspondance la frontière entre traduction et création.
Je propose en introduction d’exposer les contextes de publication et de réception des Rubā’iyāt, d’analyser le rapport de l’œuvre aux études et à l’imaginaire orientalistes de l’époque victorienne, et d’étudier la pratique de la traduction comme création. Ces pistes critiques ont pour but de servir de cadre à la traduction des extraits de la correspondance de FitzGerald et de mieux comprendre les enjeux épistémologique, littéraire, et idéologique de son travail
1. EDWARD FITZGERALD, TRADUCTEUR-AUTEUR DES RUBA’IYAT
2. ORIENTALISME – ETUDE ET IMAGINAIRE
3. « IL NE S’AGIT PAS D’UNE TRADUCTION PURE ET SIMPLE, MAIS PLUTOT D’UNE TRADUCTION DANS TOUT CE QU’ELLE PEUT AVOIR DE PLUS CREATIF »
For more, please contact the author.
Contrairement à la plupart des chapitres de l’ouvrage qui reprennent sous forme traduite un essai complet écrit par un auteur ou artiste britannique sur l’art de la traduction, le texte choisi dans cette section est composé d’extraits de la correspondance d’Edward FitzGerald (1809-1883) dans laquelle ce dernier précise les différentes étapes de son travail de traduction des Rubā’iyāt du poète persan Omar Khayyām (1048-1131). Au fil des lettres, FitzGerald offre à son correspondant, professeur de persan, Edward Cowell, une réflexion sur sa conception de l’art de la traduction. La cohérence de l’ensemble tient en cette unité thématique et au fait que les lettres sont toutes adressées au même destinataire. Par ailleurs, les lettres sélectionnées pour leur contenu métacritique ont parfois été coupées lorsque trop longues et s’éloignant du sujet qui nous concerne ici – les remarques de l’auteur sur son art de traduire et sur sa conception de la traduction. L’étude de cette correspondance est particulièrement captivante parce qu’elle révèle à la fois l’ambivalence du rapport de FitzGerald, auteur, traducteur, et orientaliste, au matériau persan—ambivalence que l’on pourrait rapprocher de la définition qu’Edward Said donne de l’Orientalisme, oscillant entre précision et généralisation, illusion mimétique et recréation, dénotation et connotation, éloge et condamnation—mais aussi parce qu’elle s’inscrit dans une vision plus générale de la traduction comme recréation. Partisan d’un modèle de traduction libre, FitzGerald interroge au fil de sa correspondance la frontière entre traduction et création.
Je propose en introduction d’exposer les contextes de publication et de réception des Rubā’iyāt, d’analyser le rapport de l’œuvre aux études et à l’imaginaire orientalistes de l’époque victorienne, et d’étudier la pratique de la traduction comme création. Ces pistes critiques ont pour but de servir de cadre à la traduction des extraits de la correspondance de FitzGerald et de mieux comprendre les enjeux épistémologique, littéraire, et idéologique de son travail
1. EDWARD FITZGERALD, TRADUCTEUR-AUTEUR DES RUBA’IYAT
2. ORIENTALISME – ETUDE ET IMAGINAIRE
3. « IL NE S’AGIT PAS D’UNE TRADUCTION PURE ET SIMPLE, MAIS PLUTOT D’UNE TRADUCTION DANS TOUT CE QU’ELLE PEUT AVOIR DE PLUS CREATIF »
For more, please contact the author.
Research Interests:
"This essay is a study of the texts dealing with the history of India translated by eighteenth-century British orientalists from Persian into English. Indeed, as an ever-growing number of Indian territories came under British control in... more
"This essay is a study of the texts dealing with the history of India translated by eighteenth-century British orientalists from Persian into English. Indeed, as an ever-growing number of Indian territories came under British control in the second half of the eighteenth century, the directors of the East India Company started to commission works and translations that would help them set up a colonial administration. Thus, before the ‘Oriental Renaissance’, as defined by Raymond Schwab, a new corpus of Persian narratives on the history and administration of India, collected and translated by British orientalists with the help of local scholars, was produced.
This essay considers firstly how the history of India had been written in Britain before the middle of the eighteenth century and then presents the corpus of Indo-Persian historiography translated by the British orientalists stationed in India in the second half of the eighteenth century. Particular attention will be paid to the Persian intellectual and political aspects of this corpus and to the colonial motivations underpinning the commissioning of works of translation. Finally, in the last part, I propose a reflection on the transformations of Indian sources and the creation of a global historiographical discourse based on the universal claims of British scholarship.
"
This essay considers firstly how the history of India had been written in Britain before the middle of the eighteenth century and then presents the corpus of Indo-Persian historiography translated by the British orientalists stationed in India in the second half of the eighteenth century. Particular attention will be paid to the Persian intellectual and political aspects of this corpus and to the colonial motivations underpinning the commissioning of works of translation. Finally, in the last part, I propose a reflection on the transformations of Indian sources and the creation of a global historiographical discourse based on the universal claims of British scholarship.
"
Even before its publication in 1771, the translation of the sacred texts of the Zoroastrians, entitled the Zend Avesta, by Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron was the object of a pungent controversy, which took on a European dimension... more
Even before its publication in 1771, the translation of the sacred texts of the Zoroastrians, entitled the Zend Avesta, by Abraham Hyacinthe Anquetil-Duperron was the object of a pungent controversy, which took on a European dimension with the Lettre à A*** du P*** by the British orientalist Sir William Jones. The controversy focused on the authenticity, originality and interest of the texts brought back by the French indologist. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that the controversy around the Zend Avesta did more than just inhibit the development of research, and that it went beyond the mere conflict of interests. Indeed, I indicate that it stimulated orientalist scholarship and that it bears witness to the transition taking place at the end of the eighteenth century in the history of the discipline, from an ancient approach, based on empiricism and endowed with a universal and encyclopedic function, to a more modern approach, which was experimental and based on the principle of objectivity in the constitution of knowledge.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Robert Irwin's Visions of the Jinn looks at the illustrations of the Arabian Nights and provides a unique account of the history of publishing in modern Europe. By engaging this central work of orientalism, he retraces the evolution of... more
Robert Irwin's Visions of the Jinn looks at the illustrations of the Arabian Nights and provides a unique account of the history of publishing in modern Europe. By engaging this central work of orientalism, he retraces the evolution of European representations of the Arab world.
Research Interests:
Dans un ouvrage phare des études postcoloniales, Dipesh Chakrabarty critique l'historiographie européocentrée de la modernité politique en Asie du sud. Il s'efforce de réduire les incommensurabilités qui séparent l'Europe de l'Asie, en... more
Dans un ouvrage phare des études postcoloniales, Dipesh Chakrabarty critique l'historiographie européocentrée de la modernité politique en Asie du sud. Il s'efforce de réduire les incommensurabilités qui séparent l'Europe de l'Asie, en évitant le double écueil du relativisme et de l'utopie d'une mondialisation culturelle.
Research Interests:
Qu'a fait l'Inde à la littérature française ? Guillaume Bridet croise les sources et les approches pour montrer comment, après la Grande Guerre, la réception des écrivains indiens ‒ Tagore au premier chef ‒ favorise le passage de... more
Qu'a fait l'Inde à la littérature française ? Guillaume Bridet croise les sources et les approches pour montrer comment, après la Grande Guerre, la réception des écrivains indiens ‒ Tagore au premier chef ‒ favorise le passage de l'exotisme à une vision décolonisée. L'analyse décentre à la fois les études orientalistes et l'histoire littéraire traditionnelle. Recensé : Guillaume Bridet, L'Événement indien de la littérature française, Grenoble, ELLUG, 2014, 302 p., 24 €. Entre histoire littéraire, études postcoloniales et approche sociologique, L'Événement indien de la littérature française décentre la connaissance de la littérature française de l'entre-deux-guerres en la pensant dans son rapport à l'Inde. Livre-manifeste, mû non seulement par la volonté « de savoir ce qu'est [l'histoire de] la littérature française, mais de savoir quelle histoire nous voulons construire, quelle histoire nous voulons (nous) raconter, c'est-à-dire à quel type de communauté (fermée, entrouverte ou ouverte) nous appartenons mais aussi désirons appartenir » (287), il pose les bases d'une lecture dénationalisée, et renouvelle le traitement de l'orientalisme. Sans nier le caractère binaire et orienté de la réalité discursive de l'Inde dans le champ littéraire français ! et plus particulièrement parisien ! du début du XX e siècle, G. Bridet réfute l'existence d'un orientalisme intangible et hégémonique et propose de « mettre l'orientalisme au pluriel » (16) : il rend compte des écarts génériques entre les textes orientalistes au sein des différents ensembles institutionnels (recherche indianiste, historique, journalistique, spirituelle, littéraire), où il distingue trois types de discours : de l'ordre de l'autolégitimation, de la réflexivité (permettant à celui qui l'énonce de réfléchir à sa propre identité et civilisation), et de la légitimation extérieure (c'est-à-dire légitimant d'autres discours). Ce partage lui permet de dépasser la lecture dichotomique opposant l'Est à l'Ouest, pour rendre compte de la diversité des approches orientalistes de l'époque. G. Bridet s'intéresse ensuite aux productions « contre-orientalistes », voire occidentalistes. Il permet de redécouvrir au passage des auteurs français disparus du canon. L'Inde contemporaine entre en scène Avec la publication de L'Offrande lyrique de Rabindranath Tagore en 1913, pour laquelle l'écrivain bengali reçoit la même année le prix Nobel de littérature, l'Inde contemporaine et vivante entre dans le canon littéraire de langue française. Si sa présence demeure localisée et minoritaire, de nombreux auteurs indiens pénètrent néanmoins les très prestigieuses revues Europe et Le Mercure de France. G. Bridet met cette pénétration en rapport avec un mouvement de dénationalisation de l'histoire littéraire française en développement. Il démontre que le découplage est provoqué par la présence de l'Inde, et promu par les indianistes français de l'époque, même s'il s'agit souvent de mettre en valeur non l'altérité comme élément constitutif du canon, mais le pouvoir « assimilateur » du génie national français. Sans faire fi du cadre national, dont il note par ailleurs le fort potentiel mobilisateur passé et présent, G. Bridet offre, depuis sa position de professeur de littérature
Research Interests:
In his 2015 book, The Figure of the Migrant, Thomas Nail offers a reverse approach of migration, focusing on the migrant from the perspective of movement. Claire Gallien questions the relevance of Nail’s dialectic between the... more
In his 2015 book, The Figure of the Migrant, Thomas Nail offers a reverse approach of migration, focusing on the migrant from the perspective of movement. Claire Gallien questions the relevance of Nail’s dialectic between the ’kinopolitics’ of the state and the ’pedetic force’ of migrants.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
J'ai le grand plaisir de vous inviter à la deuxième séance en ligne des séminaires de l'IRCL. Nous parlerons avec Carole Boidin (Nanterre U) et Emilie Picherot (Lille U) des "Premières théories sur la langue arabe en France" Mardi 15... more
J'ai le grand plaisir de vous inviter à la deuxième séance en ligne des séminaires de l'IRCL. Nous parlerons avec Carole Boidin (Nanterre U) et Emilie Picherot (Lille U) des "Premières théories sur la langue arabe en France"
Mardi 15 décembre 2020, 15h-17h
Affiche ci-joint
Contact : claire.gallien@univ-montp3.fr
En ligne via la plateforme Webex-Cisco :
Lien: https://univ-montp3.webex.com/univ-montp3/j.php?MTID=m45bc0faf57e785a685ea8baf0e799059
Tuesday, Dec 15, 2020 3:00 pm
Meeting number: 121 556 0282
Password: dsMAx9MRG42
7ff8974ba7d54756a9d36d6ce3158ab5
Join by video system
Dial 1215560282@univ-montp3.webex.com
You can also dial 62.109.219.4 and enter your meeting number.
Join by phone
+33-1851-48835 France Toll
Access code: 121 556 0282
Mardi 15 décembre 2020, 15h-17h
Affiche ci-joint
Contact : claire.gallien@univ-montp3.fr
En ligne via la plateforme Webex-Cisco :
Lien: https://univ-montp3.webex.com/univ-montp3/j.php?MTID=m45bc0faf57e785a685ea8baf0e799059
Tuesday, Dec 15, 2020 3:00 pm
Meeting number: 121 556 0282
Password: dsMAx9MRG42
7ff8974ba7d54756a9d36d6ce3158ab5
Join by video system
Dial 1215560282@univ-montp3.webex.com
You can also dial 62.109.219.4 and enter your meeting number.
Join by phone
+33-1851-48835 France Toll
Access code: 121 556 0282
Research Interests:
Notre intervention, plutôt conçue comme une discussion avec les participants que comme une communication en forme, portera sur les premières traductions du Coran, telles que mises en ligne sur le site Coran 12-21, www. coran12-21.org.... more
Notre intervention, plutôt conçue comme une discussion avec les participants que comme une communication en forme, portera sur les premières traductions du Coran, telles que mises en ligne sur le site Coran 12-21, www. coran12-21.org. Nous présenterons les difficultés que nous avons rencontrées dans cette mise en ligne, en même temps que la manière dont nous avons tenté de les surmonter. Ce sera l'occasion de retracer les grandes lignes d'une histoire, l'histoire de la réception du texte coranique, qui n'est pas forcément bien connue, malgré le récent et très stimulant ouvrage d'Olivier Hanne, mais aussi de voir comment l'étude des représentations anciennes de l'islam peut nous aider à penser le rapport de nos propres sociétés à cette religion.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
This platform is a place of exchange for academics and students taking part in the Decentring Theory Workshop. The workshop is based at the University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 and meets three times per semester. The workshop is a unique... more
This platform is a place of exchange for academics and students taking part in the Decentring Theory Workshop. The workshop is based at the University Paul Valéry Montpellier 3 and meets three times per semester. The workshop is a unique place where academics and students from various disciplines, including literature and history, language, and anthropology, and research centres meet and exchange.
We read late publications in the field of decolonial studies with critical hindsight and reflect on the meanings and practices, including pedagogic, of decentring knowledge production and ways of reading. So far, the workshop has met to discuss theory. Starting in September 2019, we will alternate between theory reading sessions and sessions where we try and unpack works of fiction and poetry with decolonial tools.
On this platform we share events information, documents (extracts, video recordings, podcasts) related to the sessions of the workshop, programme and notes on the workshop.
With the workshop and platform, we aim to give greater visibility on how French scholars and students grapple with the field and with decoloniality in a French (academic) context where the approach, that is not recognized yet, is regularly misunderstood and disparaged. On the other hand, we remain attentive to the mainstreaming of the “decolonial” label and its domestication since we make a distinction between proposals of epistemic displacements and systemic recuperations.
We read late publications in the field of decolonial studies with critical hindsight and reflect on the meanings and practices, including pedagogic, of decentring knowledge production and ways of reading. So far, the workshop has met to discuss theory. Starting in September 2019, we will alternate between theory reading sessions and sessions where we try and unpack works of fiction and poetry with decolonial tools.
On this platform we share events information, documents (extracts, video recordings, podcasts) related to the sessions of the workshop, programme and notes on the workshop.
With the workshop and platform, we aim to give greater visibility on how French scholars and students grapple with the field and with decoloniality in a French (academic) context where the approach, that is not recognized yet, is regularly misunderstood and disparaged. On the other hand, we remain attentive to the mainstreaming of the “decolonial” label and its domestication since we make a distinction between proposals of epistemic displacements and systemic recuperations.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Argumentaire et Programme 2017.2018
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Nous sommes nombreux à rechercher dans la littérature une manière de changer notre rapport au monde et à voir dans les textes littéraires des points d'appui pour décentrer notre regard et ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives à la pensée. Une... more
Nous sommes nombreux à rechercher dans la littérature une manière de changer notre rapport au monde et à voir dans les textes littéraires des points d'appui pour décentrer notre regard et ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives à la pensée. Une telle ambition pour la littérature suppose une participation active du lecteur qui doit être préparée. Le collectif « penser d'ailleurs » propose des séances de lecture de textes théoriques venus d'horizons disciplinaires divers (philosophie, anthropologie, sociologie, etc.) susceptibles de nous aider à pratiquer une lecture décentrée des textes littéraires. Il s'agira de lire des textes qui se réclament des « ailleurs », ou des « lointains » pour bousculer nos modes de penser. On s'intéressera aux pensées qui opposent une alternative — qui peut être construite comme géographique (penser depuis le Sud, le Grand Nord, les îles ou les archipels…), culturelle (pensées chinoise, indienne, amérindienne, africaine…) ou radicale (lorsqu'elle cherche à échapper à ces postulats anthropologiques pour se formuler en termes à la fois problématiques et situés) — à une pensée-monde qui se voudrait universelle ou synthétique, mais qui peine à échapper au soupçon de centralité. Pour chaque séance, un « introducteur » ou une « introductrice » fait une sélection d'extraits (à lire à l'avance par les participants) et se charge d'une courte mise en situation. Le travail en séance sera le plus collectif, participatif et non hiérarchique possible. Il s'agira de partir de nos incompétences, de nous appuyer sur ce que nous ne comprenons pas dans des textes dont nous n'avons pas toutes les clés, pour proposer des pistes de lecture, mettre en discussion des interprétations parfois hasardeuses, en bref expérimenter.
Research Interests:
My presentation focuses on a specific literary corpus, namely the poetry and prose of multilingual writers, who navigate between English, Arabic, in its classical and vernacular forms, and other languages of translation. It then... more
My presentation focuses on a specific literary corpus, namely the poetry and prose of multilingual writers, who navigate between English, Arabic, in its classical and vernacular forms, and other languages of translation. It then challenges the default assumption that these writers publish in English and add elements of their Arabic mother tongue in their texts. Building on Abdelkébir Khatibi’s statement that ‘1. We only ever speak one language and 2. We never speak only one language’ and Jacques Derrida’s reflections in Monolingualism of the Other, my paper thinks through the implications of considering English not as a language welcoming in its midst other tongues, but as a born-multilingual and born-heterolingual language.
I offer close readings of texts that engage with heterolingual practices of writing by breaking scripts (Dunya Mikhail, Zeina Hashem Beck), breaking the monolingual conception of language (Suheir Hammad), and breaking Orientalist representations encrypted in language use (Sinan Antoon). The conclusion that I draw is that the purpose of their practices is not to periodically hybridize monolithic entities (be they script, language, or representation) but to dramatize the creative potentialities of the multilingual and heterolingual tongue. Their exploration of multi/heterolingualism acts as a shaping force configuring their texts. Ultimately, heterolingual writing showcases politically and aesthetically charged questions, such as to whom does a language belong and who has the right to define what a language is, what it should look like, how it should be spoken and written?
https://www.eventbrite.ie/e/dr-claire-gallien-in-conversation-with-dr-rita-sakr-tickets-126418313579?fbclid=IwAR0kuXgrf7h8VYc8Rc70uhe4pkYHeO8bdyxQfBOtfMaesmtlaZHuH_BDvmM
I offer close readings of texts that engage with heterolingual practices of writing by breaking scripts (Dunya Mikhail, Zeina Hashem Beck), breaking the monolingual conception of language (Suheir Hammad), and breaking Orientalist representations encrypted in language use (Sinan Antoon). The conclusion that I draw is that the purpose of their practices is not to periodically hybridize monolithic entities (be they script, language, or representation) but to dramatize the creative potentialities of the multilingual and heterolingual tongue. Their exploration of multi/heterolingualism acts as a shaping force configuring their texts. Ultimately, heterolingual writing showcases politically and aesthetically charged questions, such as to whom does a language belong and who has the right to define what a language is, what it should look like, how it should be spoken and written?
https://www.eventbrite.ie/e/dr-claire-gallien-in-conversation-with-dr-rita-sakr-tickets-126418313579?fbclid=IwAR0kuXgrf7h8VYc8Rc70uhe4pkYHeO8bdyxQfBOtfMaesmtlaZHuH_BDvmM
Research Interests:
Éclairer, libérer ou dominer La philosopie européenne, le monde et l'Empire du XVII e siècle au début du XX e siècle Séminaire organisé par Aurélie KNÜFER (cRISES) et Stéphanie ROZA (IRcL) La littérature indienne comme projet impérial... more
Éclairer, libérer ou dominer La philosopie européenne, le monde et l'Empire du XVII e siècle au début du XX e siècle Séminaire organisé par Aurélie KNÜFER (cRISES) et Stéphanie ROZA (IRcL) La littérature indienne comme projet impérial Cette présentation s'intéresse à la littérature indienne traduite à la fin du XVIII e siècle, alors que la Grande-Bretagne, par l'intermédiaire de la Compagnie des Indes Orientales, conquiert et colonise de vastes pans du territoire indien, partant du Bengale et s'étendant au Nord-Ouest du sous-continent. Parmi les membres de la nouvelle administration coloniale se trouvent des orientalistes qui, imprégnés de culture classique, s'investissent dans des projets de traduction des ouvrages majeurs de la littérature persane et sanscrite. Ce faisant, ils entendent prolonger le projet universel des Lumières en Inde. Dans le cadre de cette présentation, je m'intéresserai essentiellement au paratexte et aux techniques de traduction utilisées par les orientalistes pour montrer en quoi le projet des Lumières permet de justifier un projet colonial (celui des Britanniques en Inde) et en quoi les termes de ces deux projets sont eux-mêmes dictés par un projet impérial plus large, que les orientalistes héritent moins de l'Europe des Lumières que des cours impériales mogholes qu'ils investissent et remplacent.
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
Claire Gallien's review of Marvellous Thieves for Translation and Literature